Know the distinction.
Physical dependence
The body can adapt to a medication during regular prescribed use. Withdrawal symptoms may occur when the dose is reduced or stopped. Physical dependence alone is not proof of addiction.
Substance use disorder
This is a separate clinical condition involving patterns such as impaired control, harmful use, or continued use despite significant consequences. A person can be physically dependent without meeting criteria for a substance use disorder.
Before an appointment
- Write down the medication name, dose, dosing times, and how long you have taken it.
- List previous reductions, missed doses, and what you experienced.
- Bring a complete list of prescriptions, over-the-counter products, alcohol, and other substances.
- Describe symptoms, sleep, daily functioning, and safety concerns in concrete terms.
- Ask what follow-up, after-hours support, and emergency plan will be available.
Questions worth asking
- What are the current benefits and risks of continuing this medication?
- How will my history and previous responses affect the plan?
- How will withdrawal symptoms be distinguished from recurrence of the original condition?
- How often will we follow up, and how can the plan be adjusted?
- Who should I contact if symptoms become difficult or unsafe?
- What non-drug and clinical supports may be appropriate for the condition being treated?
Supporting someone
Listen without minimizing or assuming that every symptom has one cause. Help with practical tasks, appointment notes, transportation, meals, and a calm environment when welcomed. Encourage clinical care without pressuring the person into a specific timetable.
Helpful language
“I believe you’re experiencing something difficult.”
“What kind of practical help would be useful today?”
“Would you like me to help prepare for your appointment?”
Avoid
“It’s all in your head.”
“You should be finished by now.”
“Just stop taking it.”
When to seek urgent help
Seizures, severe confusion, hallucinations, loss of consciousness, trouble breathing, or thoughts of suicide or harming someone require immediate evaluation. In the United States, call 911 for a medical emergency. Call or text 988 for suicide or crisis support.
Trusted next reading
Use the ASAM patient resources, the FDA safety communication, and our reviewed resource library.